The Involvement By The Gods - 888 Words

The involvement by the gods simply begins with Aphrodite. Though the gods do not determine fate, they work alongside the fates and have the ability to act against them. Zeus tells Thetis, who has convinced him to aid her son Achilles to attain revenge against Agamemnon, â€Å"I’ll say yes to you by nodding my head, / The ultimate pledge. Unambiguous, / irreversible, and absolutely fulfilled, / Whatever I say yes to with a nod of my head† (Lombardo 1.556-559). And despite Hera’s reluctance, Zeus speaks to a Dream: Go, deadly Dream, along the Greek ships Until you come to the hut of Agamemnon, And deliver this message to him exactly: Order him to arm his long-haired Greeks. Now is his time to capture Troy. The Olympian gods are no longer divided; Hera has bent them all to her will And targeted the Trojans for pain (Lombardo 2.12-19). The role of Thetis in the Iliad, is mostly untold. However, the power of Thetis is dynamic as she takes on the role of the protector and is shaped by the perspective of its hero’s, Achilles’s, response to conflict. The book’s presentation of Thetis is a minor deity who is overcome by grief and hopelessness as a result of the vulnerability in the face of her son’s mortality. Achilles invokes the power of his mother to obtain Zeus’s favor rather than Athena or Hera, who are pro-Greek during the conflict. Thetis’s power of Zeus lies in her maternal and protective power, by which she alters the conflict of the war (Slatkin 58). Achilles, and his shield, isShow MoreRelatedReligion in the Sun Also Rises Essay926 Words   |  4 Pagesknow the concept they simply have no hope or faith. In The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway, the difficulties of Brett, Jake and Bill can be directly attributed to the lack of religious faith that stems from their in volvement in the war. Brett faced a tragic loss during her involvement in the war and as a result, she experienced great difficulty being religious. - Since the death of her love, Brett constantly threw herself at different men to try and fill the empty feeling she was left with. SheRead MoreDiversity Within The Workplace : A Broad Definition Of Diversity855 Words   |  4 Pagesfor everyone involved in the process. This promotion is especially true when employees have sentiments of extrication. Ways that I would promote an active diversity strategy would include creating a diversity initiative, increasing community involvement, changing hiring practices, and using technology. A diversity initiative is an organization’s strategic response to diversity (What Is, 2015). 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Specifically, for the purpose of this paper we will look at God’s guidance in the interactions of His prized creation: man. â €Å"The Lord looks from heaven; He sees all the sons of men; from His dwelling place He looks out on all the inhabitants of the earth, He who fashions the hearts of them all, He who understands allRead MoreThe Results Of The Mymanagementlab Assessment Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesassessment have been laid out and explained blow. What About Me From the MyMangementLab assessment I was able to determine that I have a healthy balance of a Type A personality. One area that I scored high on with the personality section was Job involvement. This was an expected result for me. I tend to focus things around work without always realizing it. But I have better work/life balance now that I am no longer in a management role. When I switched jobs to a more technical IT role, I decided thatRead MoreEuthanasia And Abortion With Non Christians1659 Words   |  7 Pagesconsider the involvement of God in human life from creation and ongoing, how the sovereignty of God influences the Christian in ethical decisions pertaining to beginning of life and end of life situations, ways that a Christian can reduce the number of abortions, and finally, discussing the topics of euthanasia and abortion with non-Christians. 1. Drawing from Part VII, Chapters 22 and 23 of An Introduction to Biblical Ethics: Walking in the Way of Wisdom, explain God s involvement in creating,Read MoreDifference Between Man And His Environment1191 Words   |  5 PagesIn Genesis 1 the story describes how the animals were created. In Genesis 2 it discusses naming the animals. Genesis 1: 25: And God made the beasts of the earth according to their kinds and the livestock according to their kinds, and everything that creeps on the ground according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. Genesis 2: 19: Now out of the ground the LORD God had formed every beast of the field and every bird of the heavens and brought them to the man to see what he would call them.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media - 1742 Words

Authentic Dilemma Social media has become an important part of our daily life. Unfortunately, over-sharing information via social media is rapidly becoming the norm in our society. In 2014, Facebook already claimed to have over 1.23 billion users (Warnick, Bitters, Falk Kim, 2016, p.772) Typical Facebook users commonly share pictures, updates, and personal interactions via chats and emails. Incredibly, people can connect with each other across the globe in matters of an instant (Pappas, 2013). This means information, good or bad, is passed by using a mere click and most often without regard to the ramifications. Educators, who are everyday people, frequently use Facebook for personal expression as well. However, at times, like most†¦show more content†¦This will most certainly have an impact on their performance in class, but more importantly may impact their future opinion of school itself. Fortunately, in this incident the principal intervened and spoke to Mrs. A. about comments posted on her page that potentially breached confidentiality, her choice to befriend current student’s families, and her insensitivity to students, families, and colleagues. At this point, Mrs. A. referenced her right to free speech. Essex (2016) states while teachers enjoy the rights of the First Amendment, they should inevitably express their views with an awareness that their actions may affect the students they teach (p. 209) Consequently, Mrs. A.’s principal cautioned her about potential outcomes and consequences that may occur as a result of this type of communication, but essentially said that it is her free speech right to post her thoughts and opinions. He continued by stating she should, however, proceed with caution, be careful of her wordings, watch for potential breaches of confidentiality, be aware of sensitive issues, and to think twice before befriending families i n her current class. Later, this principal hosted an informal meeting for all staff. He invited the district lawyer to speak in order to raise awareness in the area of social media communication. SituationsShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media750 Words   |  3 Pages 1 Social Media Somalia Sexton September 30, 2017 HUM/186 Allyson Wells 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of easily obtainable information? Easily obtainable information is convenient for the most part. It allows you to do a million things at once. It saves you a lot of time while getting things done. If you’re a lazy person when it comes to researching things, easily obtainable information is more convenient for you. Easily finding information on the web requires littleRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1177 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: SOCIAL MEDIA 1 SOCIAL MEDIA 5 Social Media Name Institution Date Social Media Advantages and Disadvantages of Easily Obtainable Information In the contemporary world, social networks, and the general internet has an eminent role as sources of wide range information feeding people in different sectors with the type of information they seek spontaneously. Much of easily obtainable informationRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media805 Words   |  4 Pages Society relies on information that they obtain from the news, media, social media sites to gather the newest information or current events. As the technology years keep advancing there are newer forms of finding out current events or situations that are occurring around the world. People are now able to get news faster then what they have a century ago. 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Many people have started to rely on the internet for research for school, butRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media769 Words   |  4 Pages Social Media Paper Joshua Yates HUM/186 10/1/2017 Allyson Wells â€Æ' The Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media and Obtainable Information Social media has become an integrated part of our culture and a useful communication tool when properly used. Every day people log on to social media sites to get updates on everything from celebrities, family, and friends to top stories and breaking news. We also use social media in our professional lives. Individuals use social media as a cost-effectiveRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1041 Words   |  5 PagesNOT APA FORMATTED NO SOURCES Social Media Paper Jerald Washington University of Phoenix HUM/186 â€Æ' In the modern world, it has become very easy to obtain information from social media, and this happens instantaneously. It is essential to appreciate all advantages and disadvantages before making use of social media. One advantage of easily obtainable information is expediency. It is convenient for people to be in one place and catch the hottest news, listen to the fresh top songs onRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1280 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media Brenton Adams HUM/186 08/28/2017 Allyson Wells Social Media We have all seen how friends, family, acquaintances and more talk to each other through social media platforms; often with personal disregard and by providing misinformation. Similarly, we have also seen rotating â€Å"news† articles and other tidbits of information being passed around, though how much is accurate? Being able to have information rapidly available can be beneficial, though distinguishing fact from fictionRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1133 Words   |  5 Pagestakes on social media and when that is applied and used in an organization it is called enterprise social media or networking. Using social media has allowed the people of this world to converse with the push of a button over multiple ways. As with face-to-face communication or email, social media providing means for a company as means for a communication can provide barriers. For organizations, social media could provide many profitable advantages as well as consequences with disad vantages. EnterpriseRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1327 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems and threats but, we could avoid or prevent it from happening. Currently, with the high number of emerging Social Media sites like YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and a lot more to discover, we are exposed to all possibilities. These Social media platforms bring along with them advantages where we could greatly benefit from it and also disadvantages. Benefits mean Social Media builds a good relationship with its users among other users too whether it s your long lost friend or mutual friendsRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1292 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: Social media networking has completely transformed the way businesses market and recruits potential employees. Marketing and recruiting was simply done through printing ads in newspapers. Now social media networking is done through â€Å"posting† open discussions on the business website or social media sites. Social media has allowed business to also promote their brand, hire, communicate, and connect with many people and organizations. This paper will help y ou to understand how businesses incorporate

The Beat That Stole My Heart Free Essays

A Personal Narrative by Giuditta Paci. February 2nd, 2013. The Beat That Stole My Heart†¦ It seems like some things have never happened to me or I am an alien from some other distant planet. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beat That Stole My Heart or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Human beings† surprise me, make me cry, make me laugh and make me happy. That Saturday night, my â€Å"alien being† went out the house in desperate search of meaningful paths, beautiful smiles, the sounds of music and something that would make my heart beat just a little faster. Summer was almost over and I was thinking about how strange was the world and how could I possibly find someone to share some interesting conversation and a good dance before the warm and hazy summer nights will turn in to cold and lonely winter nights. It is not that I was broken hearted by the thought that my patience has come to its end, and that I may have to spend the last few weeks of summer wondering about a possible date that will never happen. I looked at the vast starry night-sky and continued to walked towards the Bar. I sat there thinking about how I wanted to be another person. I longed for interaction with the opposite sex. Eventually, I realized what my main problem was. I felt that I could not overcome all the â€Å"love† obstacles that life had made me face in the past. I recalled everything I have read in books about love as well as everything that I have experienced myself. In the books everything seemed to be much smoother and easier. My main thought was â€Å"how people can possibly spend their whole life together and stay in love? † specially after ending a ten year marriage only three months ago, and experiencing the big disappointment that love does not last forever. The music started and made me feel even more stupid: standing alone at the bar, listening to songs about love and relationships, without anyone here with me to dance or have a meaningful conversation with. I was ready to leave and call it a night. I decided to walk outside to breath some air before departing. The summer wind woke me up from my dream and I took a deep breath and looked around. Suddenly I saw this attractive male. He was walking towards me†¦ As there was no one else outside, everyone was inside dancing and having a good time or so I thought. He definitely caught my attention. As he was getting closer I felt a strange sensation in my stomach†¦ I was nervous and didn’t understand why. I had never seen this person before and yet I felt this strange connection. He came up to me and said, â€Å"Hi! Are you enjoying the music? † I replied â€Å"Well, to be honest with you I wasn’t really paying attention. I was getting ready to leave. † This made him laugh for some reason. I felt a bit irritated as if he had broken my unity with nature and disturbed my thoughts with his presence and questions. All the sudden I took a good look at him. I hadn’t really before. He was relatively tall, dark hair, and deep blue eyes. His smile reminded me of those toothpaste TV commercials. A perfect smile. He had this smooth but primal Aura to him that made him very attractive and sexy. I could not clearly identify the age, but he looked like he was around 30-36 years old. He seemed so peaceful and yet so full of life and adventure, he was definitely in harmony with himself†¦ He had an edgy style. He was dressed appropriately for this type of event. He looked very much like a â€Å"rock star. Which made me even more curious about him, Part of me has always being attracted to that kind of â€Å"look† At that point I wanted to know who he was and where did he come from? I didn’t do a great job with that. Anyhow, this is how the rest of our conversation went. Me, â€Å"I think I should go home. It’s the same thing here every Saturday. I love being around people, but it’s always the same people. † –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Him, â€Å"Well I guess you are right in a way†¦ Although tonight is different†¦ at least the music is†¦ You should come inside and check out the band. You may just change your mind. He looked at me, smiled, and made the gesture to follow him inside. I agreed to go with him to check out this â€Å"Band. † I thought about how kind of him to invite me in, at that moment I realized that we hadn’t exchanged names yet. I was now following a complete stranger without even knowing their name. That’s smart I thought! Once inside the venue, he went straight on to the stage and sat in front of the drum set. I was shocked. He was the drummer of the â€Å"band. † I have to be honest, I was a little embarrassed with the way I had acted when we were outside. At this point nothing mattered anymore. The music started playing, and I immediately got captivated by their sounds. My mood had completely shifted from a depressed moody bitch to completely happy girl! Now I was dancing to his beat. My body was moving along with this erotic and Alternative sound. I remember this energy rising thru my spine that made feel alive and aroused. In my mind he was playing for me, or at least that’s what It felt like to me. A couple of times I directed my gaze at him. He was so amazingly handsome and talented. I can honestly say I could see his soul. He was in a trance like state, just like Shamans when they chant or drum in ceremonies for people who are looking for a way to heal their souls. Now, I was now one of those souls. My soul was not only getting healed but my heart was falling in love. It was not only the music or the way he pulsated on the drums. There was a connection that I had never felt before. I could not understand at that very moment what was happening to me. That night I knew it was going to be the beginning of a whole new chapter in my life. Maybe after all†¦ Those winter nights may not be as cold and long as I thought they would be. How to cite The Beat That Stole My Heart, Papers

Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima Essay Example For Students

Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima Essay On the quiet morning of August 6, 1945, the United States shocked the world by dropping an atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima, Japan. (www.grolier.com) Hiroshima was a major industrial city with an estimated population of almost 400,000 people. A B-29 bomber was loaded with the Atomic Bomb and left the United States Pacific air base at 2:45 a.m. local time and dropped the bomb at 8:15 a.m. The bomb was detonated one minute after being dropped. The atomic bomb, nicknamed Little Boy, which was dropped on the Hiroshima City, exploded at an altitude of 580 meters above a hospital close to the present A-bomb Dome. (Brown, p.38) The mushroom cloud resulting from the explosion reached an estimated altitude of five hundred and twenty meters over Central Hiroshima. The atomic bomb blast obliterated three-fifths of the city within seconds. The atomic bomb gave off uranium-235 and was equivalent in power to approximately 15 kilotons of TNT gunpowder. (www.enviroweb.org) The fireball resulti ng from the explosion emitted an intense thermal heat, which caused severe burns and loss of eyesight. Most of the people exposed to thermal rays died. In addition, the impact of the bomb landing on the ground created an enormous shock wave closely followed a quick expansion of air. The result was the immediate death of 75,000 people. (www.grolier.com) The long-term effects of the bomb on the environment and children are horrible.Atomic blasts cause many prolonged injuries such as, keloids, cataracts, leukemia and other cancers. (earthbase.org) The total death count for the atomic bombing is estimated at 140,000. This means that almost as many people died from the long-term effects as were killed in the initial explosion. People who think that dropping the bomb was right say that the bomb was the one event that ended the war. Americans believed that the Japanese would fight until the very last man even if there were a dropping of the atomic bomb. Luckily for them the war ended. The reason the United states dropped the atomic bomb was because they wanted the unconditional surrender of Japan. Personally I think they could get Japan to surrender using a different type of method. I think they would have surrendered on their own because the axes powers where starting to diminish. Germany surrendered before they dropped the bomb and the rest of their group was folding along with them. Many innocent people died because of tension between two governments. The biggest reason for me believing that the atomic-bombing of Hiroshima was wrong was that it was targeted at innocent civilians, not military targets or soldiers. Of course in every war in history civilians have been victimized, including Asians murdered by Japanese soldiers during the same war. In the rules of war Ive learned that Civilian causalities are normally considered to be outside the lines of warfare. The people did not even have a say on what their government did but they still paid the price. What the U.S. did was wrong; they should have taken their anger out in different ways. On December 7th, 1945, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor while the shipmen were going through their normal Sunday routines. (www.grolier.com) This was a disaster for the U.S. and President Roosevelt said it best when he stated that December 7th would be a date that would live in infamy. The United States would soon retaliate by dropping an atomic bomb over Hiroshima on the morning of August 6th, 1945. People say Pearl Harbor was the reason why the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb over Hiroshima and that dropping the bomb was the right move. The United States said that by dropping the bomb they would save lives by not having to put their men into combat. How could they save lives if many war experts and officials believe that the war was already over?It is my opinion that the use of this barbarous weapon at Hiroshima and Nagasaki was of no material assistance in our war against Japan. The Japanese were already defeated and ready to surrender because of the effective sea blockade and the successful bombing with conventional weapons. .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d , .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d .postImageUrl , .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d , .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d:hover , .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d:visited , .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d:active { border:0!important; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d:active , .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud824bee9ed15e9058ba53ae3b0da238d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lan Proposal EssayWilliam Leahy, I Was There, pg. 441William Leahy agreed that the bomb was wrong. He stated

The Prevalence of Fetishism in Classical and Contemporary Era

Introduction Commodity fetishism appeared in Marxism as an important component of Capitalism. According to Marx, fetishism was prevalent in the Classical Era both in commodity fetishism and the commodity production process (Edles and Appelrouth, 2005: 68). However, there was commodity fetishism even in the Contemporary Era, with both similar characteristics as those of the classical era as well as updated ones.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Prevalence of Fetishism in Classical and Contemporary Era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, commodity fetishism existed in both eras. The common reason for commodity fetishism was technology. Totalitarianism gives a society’s viewpoint to explain fetishism in the Contemporary Era. Commodities have a certain superior but unseen power over human beings. Commodities are used to satisfy the needs of human beings. An object should be useful not only to onesel f but also to others. Marx argues that products have both the use value and exchange value. Marx developed the theory of commodity fetishism in order to explain the use value and exchange value of commodities. Fetishism refers to a great obsession in something. The exchange value is what makes an object to become a commodity. The use value exists naturally in the object while the exchange value is created by a capitalist society. Commodity fetishism is created by the nature of the various types of values that are attached to objects. Marx believes that capitalism is the source of commodity fetishism. Commodity fetishism is dominant in capitalist societies. This discussion seeks to explore the dominance and effects of fetishism in both the classical and contemporary eras. Classical Era Marxism perceives the value in the use of a commodity according to its capability to satisfy human wants or if those properties are as a result of human labor (Marx, 1867/2005: 72). Therefore, both qua lity and quantity are used in determining the commodity value. Human labor is an important part of a commodity. Marx revealed that â€Å"the relation of the producers to the sum total of their own labor is presented to them as a social relation, existing not between themselves, but between the products of their labor† (Marx, 1867/2005: 72). In the earlier analysis of Marx of alienation in the form of the ‘fetishism of commodities’, he believes that there is a distorted relationship in commodity fetishism â€Å"between individuals and the production and consumption of goods† (Edles and Appelrouth, 2005: 68).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The value of a commodity should originate from the labor used in its production. However, exchange value supersedes use value in capitalistic societies and it does not get its value from any process but surpasses the labor process. In capitalism, all commodities are measured by their exchange value, which has become fetishized. This is the only value that individuals know about. The real value of commodities is hidden by the fetishized exchange value. The relations between people have been replaced by the relations between commodities. People only interact during the exchange of commodities. People are isolated from the real components involved in the process of producing goods. Individuals buy goods as if the values are able to increase or they believe they deserve. The fetishism of commodities affects the individuals in different ways. Marx used the examples of silver and gold. Gold and silver are ordinary substances which have odd social characteristics and they were used as money (Marx, 1867/2005: 75). Therefore, commodity fetishism makes people to misevaluate the value of products. In the long run, the social interactions of the public in buying of commodities are not facilitated by individ ual qualities but by the products. Therefore, fetishism makes the consumers to only focus on goods and not themselves (Edles and Appelrouth, 2005: 68). In other words, the consumers focus on the fashion, the appearances or the technologies the goods can bring to them instead of their own needs. Such attitudes improve the development of production but also encourage the commodity fetishism. In a capitalistic society, people desire a product, not for its basic value but as a symbol due to the social value attached to that product. A product can have both use value and exchange value attached to it. A product’s use value refers to the real value of a product that is used in satisfying human needs. On the other hand, the exchange value of a product refers to the value of a product that is determined by the demand and supply of the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Prevalence of Fetishism in Classical and Contemporary Era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Use value is dominated by exchange value in capitalist societies. Through marketing, capitalists increase the people’s demand for useless products. Needs that are not existent are created by capitalists. People therefore strive to gratify these created needs and they believe that they have achieved happiness. According to Marx, commodity fetishism makes people to â€Å"mask† things to themselves and others and may or may not be aware of what they are doing. People can therefore sell and buy many things without being aware of what the full repercussions of their actions are. The relationships between people and the commodities they trade are concealed. What can be observed from the surface is not necessarily what really goes on. Things are not the way they seem to be and the whole meaning of the activities is hidden. Marx believes that people can function well in the markets and conduct their trading activities wit hout being aware of the nature of their social set-ups and the markets. The people are not aware of what causes the markets to work well or not. In order to participate in the markets, it is not necessary to have the true knowledge about the markets (Marx, 1867/2005: 74). Marx sees capitalism as a way to isolate the people who produce commodities from the products that they produce. As a result, human beings are unable to accomplish their life activity. When individuals are isolated from the goods that they produce, they become detached from their value as human beings. Commodity fetishism leads to the value of commodities to be attributed to the commodity’s essence instead of the labor used to produce it (Marx, 1867/2005: 75). Commodities in capitalist societies possess the power to interact on the market and determine their value because people believe so. Marx argues that the activities and production volumes of society’s private and independent producers can be adj usted to each other only by the inconsistent product values when exchanged in the markets.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These producers may only relate to each other through the transactions that they conduct among themselves. Therefore, their societal cohabitation is only expressed through their transactions and trading activities. Money and commodities express their social relations. The relationship between the traded commodities greatly depends on their production costs. Production costs include the human labor but the workers have no power over what happens to the products that they produce (Marx, 1867/2005: 72). Relationships between the commodities start to dictate the relationships between the people and therefore, they have to adjust regularly to the changing values between commodities. The people no longer have control over the changing values of commodities since the markets are really never controlled by anyone. The commodities’ trading values achieve an actualized and autonomous power such that things seem to have inherent and natural social characteristics. Demand and supply seem to be automatically balanced by the market but people do not see the human effort that makes it possible. The role of human beings is no longer needed in economic theories since the market actors trade things and associate as individuals. The fetishism of commodity relationships leads to the alteration of the real economic relationships between people and the environment. This brings about the distortion of the social relationships that hold people together (Marx, 1867/2005: 74). The process of commodity production can be fetishized. The production of commodities, according to Marx, is â€Å"the specific social character of private labor carried on independently† (Marx, 1867/2005: 74). Product values are determined â€Å"by an exchange† and by the various kinds of human labor spent on them (Marx, 1867/2005: 73-74). Two different products with same quantities can be expressed in various values due to the different kinds of labors spent on them. The act of exchange is f ound â€Å"directly between the products and indirectly between the producers† (Marx, 1867/2005: 73). The exchangeability of all the useful different kinds of labors can satisfy both social wants and multiple wants of individual producers. Due to the process of exchange, the values that commodities realize in the market depend on its use of labors. Therefore, in order to increase the commodity value, the efficiency of production will be eventually improved. The machines and the works have a special relationship, which is easy to confuse. In the process of increasing the production efficiency, people would rarely recognize that the production process is transformed by the owner of the means of production and not the machines that are used (Edles and Appelrouth, 2005: 68). Laborers are prevented from holding capitalists responsible by the fetishism of the commodity production when new technology is used to either increase the speed in which a labor process is done or to change the way in which that labor process is structured amongst the workers (Edles and Appelrouth, 2005: 68). Serious political consequences arise when we assign the source of workers that increases exploitation to the new technology instead of the capitalists (Edles and Appelrouth, 2005: 68). The converted social nature of the production process does not enable the workers to â€Å"press their class-based interests for change† effectively (Edles and Appelrouth, 2005: 68). Therefore, in the classic era, workers did not support the invention of machines because of the belief that those machines eliminate their skilled labor. On the capitalists’ side, the new technology leads to the reduction of the production time and costs. They would definitely keep on inventing new machines to replace the original labors. According to Marx, machines are used in the production process in capitalist societies so as to produce cheaper commodities and not to make the workers’ life easie r. When machines are improved, fewer employees will be needed. Therefore, they will be laid off. This will lead to increased unemployment. Capitalism entails the thorough division of labor in which workers specialize in a particular task only. Therefore, only one particular capability of the worker is exploited while the others remain untapped. This division of labor makes the workers overly dependent on the capitalists and in case they are laid off due to the increased use of machines, it would be hard for them to secure another job. Even if they find employment elsewhere, they will be unable to perform a different task from the one they were used to. Capitalism reduces human beings into working machines and therefore, human labor becomes forced labor. Workers therefore are isolated from the products of their labor, the labor process, other human beings and human nature. The workers are isolated from the products of their labor since they produce commodities which they do not use o r sell because they are owned by the capitalists. The workers have no control over the commodities that they produce and they cannot use them to meet their needs. In addition, workers are alienated from the labor process in that they cannot control their working conditions or work organization. The workers are overworked and all the work processes are determined by the management. People also get isolated from other human beings because they only relate through buying and selling of commodities. Moreover, workers get alienated from human nature since capitalism subjects them to forced labor. Capitalism makes individuals to think only about profits and not consider the consequences that some production methods may cause to the natural environment (Marx, 1867/2005: 75). According to Weber, the most significant feature of capitalism was market exchange rather than production. As Weber observes, religion is a condition of likelihood of modern western capitalism when instilled in economi c activity modes. He believed that the ideology of ascetic Protestantism could be able to be a source of motivation towards the justification of daily life. This predisposition would enable people to accumulate capital though religious ethics and therefore achieve economic advancement. This would lead to the inclination to reinvest capital. The making of money is in the modern economic order if it is conducted legally (Weber and Parsons, 2003: 180). Thus, the fetishism of commodity production was prevalent in the classical period. Contemporary Era In the Contemporary Era, the commodity fetishism is affected by the advancing technology. Under Marxist theory, the working class, as â€Å"the source of revolutionary change†, has been â€Å"assimilated into the prevailing social order† (Appelrouth and Edles, 2011: 110). The new prevailing â€Å"forms of social control† are technological (Marcuse, 1964/2011: 115). The technological controls occur to be â€Å"the very embodiment of reason for the benefit of all social groups and interests† (Marcuse, 1964/2011: 115). In the contemporary period, the industrial society along with technology and science effectively dominates man and nature and efficiently utilizes all resources (Marcuse, 1964/2011: 117). These efforts create brand new â€Å"dimensions of human realization† successfully. In the industrialization, with updated technology, â€Å"the highest productivity of labor can be used for the perpetuation of labor, and the most efficient industrialization can serve the restriction and manipulation of needs† (Marcuse, 1964/2011: 118). On the other hand, with the advanced technology, the new â€Å"needs† are the ones that â€Å"maintain the existing way of life† (Appelrouth and Edles, 2011: 110). In the modern world, people are faced with a couple of new â€Å"needs†, including true and false ones. Technology becomes â€Å"a means for preserving dominationà ¢â‚¬  avoiding making a wrong choice (Appelrouth and Edles, 2011: 110). The new technology helps the economy to grow fast and improves the individuals’ lives efficiently. Individuals face a couple of new choices because of the improvement in technology. Their desire to purchase goods increases due to the appearance of upcoming new products. The commodity fetishism expands under the influence of the consumer and updated goods. Marcuse believes that advancement in technology can be advantageous to the working class by modernizing the society. When operations are automated many tasks are done by the machines. The technological operations have become the dominant social control forms. Political power is able to dominate through having control over the technological machine processes. Technological advancement improves the living standards and conflicts are stabilized owing to the increased productivity. Technology brings about change and can lead to a society that is unrestricte d. The world can be revolutionized through the adaptation of technology in the production process. Marcuse argues that partial adoption of technology in today’s society is a form of slavery and therefore, all operations should be automated in order to liberate human beings. According to Marcuse, the false needs that are created by capitalists through marketing lead to the failure to gratify the real needs. He asserts that people should independently determine their real needs and control their lives. People gratify the false needs created by capitalism through consumerism (Marcuse, 1964/2011: 112). In the contemporary period, the alienation of commodity fetishism on the societies’ side is shown as totalitarian. According to Marcuse, advanced societies, including capitalist, communist and socialist, all conclude â€Å"totalitarian social orders† (Appelrouth and Edles, 2011: 110). Totalitarianism is â€Å"not only a terroristic political coordination of society, but also a non-terroristic economic-technical coordination which operates through the manipulation of needs by vested interests† (Marcuse, 1964/2011: 112). In Marcuse’s view, the political power in the industrial societies can only be preserved and protected if it is successful in organizing, mobilizing and exploiting the available productivity for industrial civilization, including the scientific, technical, and mechanical productivity (Marcuse, 1964/2011: 112). In the contemporary era, with the rapid improvement of technology, the economy developed at a high speed. As a result, the product values increased and new products were produced to satisfy the social activities. In the meantime, the situation of commodity fetishism appeared especially in some well-developed industrial societies. Capitalists were after the profit of production. Governments fetishized in political power and fortune. They accumulated the fortune of other countries to develop military or cutting-e dge technologies, for example, outer space explorations. Such fetishism leads to an extreme status of totalitarianism. In the contemporary period, there were two countries with dominating powers in the world. These include the Soviet Union and the United State of America. The two countries with totalitarians created tentative and intense atmospheres globally. Usually, two totalitarian countries can easily lead to wars or arms rivalry, which are disasters to the whole world. Luckily, the intense situation was solved in the end. Therefore, totalitarianism should be controlled by the society (Appelrouth and Edles, 2011: 110). According to Herbamas, the source of political power is in the citizen’s communicative power. He draws a difference between communicative power and administrative power and explains that the law is used as a tool to transform communicative power to administrative power. Successful communication can only occur when two speakers reach a mutual understanding ( Habermas, 1998: 497). Herbamas pinpoints rationality in interpersonal linguistic instruction structures. All human beings possess the competence of communication. Herbamas argues that the public sphere decay has been facilitated by several factors. These include the conversion of the public into a passive consumer public by the growth of moneymaking mass media. Another factor is the growth of the welfare state which combined the society with the state leading to the detriment of the public sphere. Habermas is optimistic that the public sphere can be revived where there will be a democracy-driven system (Habermas, 1998: 510). According to Sklair, globalization should be perceived as a new chapter of capitalism. He argues that there are other possible alternatives to global capitalism that can be adopted (Sklair, 2002: 590). Four perspectives from which global capitalism can be studied include global culture, world-systems, global capitalism and global society. The world-systems appro ach is concerned with the discrepancy between peripheral, semi-peripheral and core countries based on their varying roles in the capitalist-dominated world system. The global culture model is concerned with the problems posed to national identities by a normalizing culture based on mass media. According to the global capitalism model, the dominant global forces are located in the structure of a capitalism that is continually globalizing (Sklair, 2002: 591). Baudrillard believed that production was not the main motivation in a capitalist society. He believed that consumption was the main drive and criticized Marx’s economic thought. Needs are not inherent but are created. People buy things because of fetishism and thus, consumption is more significant than production. He outlined four ways through which objects attain value (Baudrillard, 1994: 426). An object has the functional value, exchange value, symbolic value, and sign value. The functional value of an object refers to i ts active purpose, for instance, a pen is used to write. The exchange value refers to the economic value of that object, for instance, the economic value of a pen can be equal to three pencils. The symbolic value of an object refers to the value assigned to the object with regard to another subject, for instance, a pen may be a symbol of a gift presented to a student for excellent performance. The sign value of an object refers to the value of that object in a classification of objects, for instance, a pen might signify status when compared to another pen although the two have the same functional value. Baudrillard explains that consumers do not buy goods based on their meanings but they buy according to the signs on them (Baudrillard, 1994: 429). This is commodity fetishism. Therefore, fetishism was also dominant in the contemporary era. Conclusion From the above discussion of the classical and contemporary era, it is evident that fetishism exists in both periods in various forms. Fetishism occurs due to the improvement of production and technology. From the economic point of view, commodity fetishism has the advantage of improving the manufacturing of new goods and stimulating the demands of the market. However, the fetishism of the commodity production encourages the invention of new technology and machines, which partly replaces the human labor and further influences the working opportunities of the working class. From the political perspective, commodity fetishism is represented as totalitarian. Totalitarianism has negative effects on the stability, peace, and development of the whole world because it leads to wars. Commodity fetishism is a controversial topic in the history of human development. To the modern society, it is necessary for both individuals and governments to include the advantages and disadvantages of commodity fetishism in order to develop the world properly and rapidly. Reference List Appelrouth, S. and Edles, L.D. (2011). Sociological T heory in the Contemporary Era. (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Pine Forge Press. Baudrillard, J. (1994). Simulacra and Simulation. USA: University of Michigan Press. Edles, L. D. and Appelrouth, S. (2005). Sociological Theory in the Classical Era. (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE/Pine Forge Press. Habermas, J. (1998). Between facts and norms: contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy. USA: MIT Press. Marcuse, H. (1964/2011). â€Å"One-Dimensional Man.† In Edles, Laura Desfor and Scott Appelrouth. Sociological Theory in the Contemporary Era (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Pine Forge Press, pp. 111-119. Marx, K. (1867/2005). â€Å"From Capital†. In Scott Appelrouth and Laura Desfor Edles. Sociological Theory in the Classical Era (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Pine Forge Press, pp. 69-80. Sklair, L. (2002). Globalization: capitalism and its alternatives. USA: Oxford University Press. Weber, M. and Parsons, T. (2003). The Protesta nt Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Courier Dover Publications. This essay on The Prevalence of Fetishism in Classical and Contemporary Era was written and submitted by user Axel S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bronsted Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases

Bronsted Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases   The Brà ¸nsted-Lowry acid-base theory (or Bronsted Lowry theory) identifies strong and weak acids and bases based on whether the species accepts or donates protons or H. According to the theory, an acid and base react with each other, causing the acid to form its conjugate base and the base to form its conjugate acid by exchanging a proton. The theory was proposed independently by Johannes Nicolaus  Brà ¸nsted  and Thomas Martin Lowry in 1923. In essence, Brà ¸nsted-Lowry acid-base theory is a general form of the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases. According to the Arrhenius theory, an Arrhenius acid is one that can increase the hydrogen ion (H) concentration in aqueous solution, while an Arrhenius base is a species that can increase the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration in water. The Arrhenius theory is limited because it only identifies acid-base reactions in water. The Bronsted-Lowry theory is a more inclusive definition, capable of describing acid-base behavior under a wider range of conditions. Regardless of the solvent, a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction occurs whenever a proton is transferred from one reactant to the other. Key Takeaways: Brà ¸nsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory According to the Brà ¸nsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a chemical species capable of donating a proton or hydrogen cation.A base, in turn, is able to accept a proton or hydrogen ion in aqueous solution.Johannes Nicolaus  Brà ¸nsted  and Thomas Martin Lowry independently described acids and bases this way in 1923, so the theory usually bears both of their names. Main Points of the Bronsted Lowry Theory A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a chemical species capable of donating a proton or hydrogen cation.A Bronsted-Lowry base is a chemical species capable of accepting a proton. In other words, it is a species that has a lone electron pair available to bond to H.After a Bronsted-Lowry acid donates a proton, it forms its conjugate base. The conjugate acid of a Bronsted-Lowry base forms once it accepts a proton. The conjugate acid-base pair have the same molecular formula as the original acid-base pair, except the acid has one more H compared to the conjugate base.Strong acids and bases are defined as compounds that completely ionize in water or aqueous solution. Weak acids and bases only partially dissociate.According to this theory, water is amphoteric and can act as both a Bronsted-Lowry acid and Bronsted-Lowry base. Example Identifying  Brà ¸nsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Unlike Arrhenius acid and bases, Bronsted-Lowry acids-base pairs can form without a reaction in aqueous solution. For example, ammonia and hydrogen chloride may react to form solid ammonium chloride according to the following reaction: NH3(g) HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s) In this reaction, the Bronsted-Lowry acid is HCl because it donates a hydrogen (proton) to NH3, the Bronsted-Lowry base. Because the reaction does  not occur in water and because neither reactant formed H or OH-, this would not be an acid-base reaction according to the Arrhenius definition. For the reaction between hydrochloric acid and water, its easy to identify the conjugate acid-base pairs: HCl(aq) H2O(l) → H3O Cl-(aq) Hydrochloric acid is the Bronsted-Lowry acid, while water is the Bronsted-Lowry base. The conjugate base for hydrochloric acid is the chloride ion, while the conjugate acid for water is the hydronium ion. Strong and Weak Lowry-Bronsted Acids and Bases When asked to identify whether a chemical reaction involves strong acids or bases or weak ones, it helps to look at the arrow between the reactants and the products. A strong acid or base completely dissociates into its ions, leaving no undissociated ions after the reaction is completed. The arrow typically points from left to right. On the other hand, weak acids and bases dont completely dissociate, so the reaction arrow points both left and right. This indicates a dynamic equilibrium is established in which the weak acid or base and its dissociated form both remain present in the solution. An example if the dissociation of the weak acid acetic acid to form hydronium ions and acetate ions in water: CH3COOH(aq) H2O(l) â‡Å' H3O(aq) CH3COO-(aq) In practice, you might be asked to write a reaction rather than have it given to you. Its a good idea to remember the short list of strong acids and strong bases. Other species capable of proton transfer are weak acids and bases. Some compounds can act as either a weak acid or a weak base, depending on the situation. An example is hydrogen phosphate, HPO42-, which can act as an acid or a base in water. When different reactions are possible, the equilibrium constants and pH are used to determine which way the reaction will proceed.

Motivating and leading Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motivating and leading - Research Paper Example Marketing Plan of Coca Cola Marketing mix is a tool that enables the marketers of a particular product to make it attractive for the consumers. The marketers cannot control the external factors, hence, have limited chances to make the product look attractive for the consumers. Marketing mix involves decisions that may help in adjusting these internal controllable factors according to the needs of the consumers. The marketing plan of brands like coca cola clearly considers these factors to capture a larger global market (Kotler & Armstrong 2005, p 56) . This paper aims to examine the marketing plan of coca Cola and measures the contribution of factors which help in developing customer loyalty and brand recognition. Marketing Plan of Coca Cola: Marketing requires clear objectives to be achieved. The first and most important factor in designing and formulating a marketing plan is to identify the target audience. The targeted audience of Coca-Cola is undoubtedly circled around all age gr oups, cultures and societies. The biggest advantage that Coca Cola has today is its brand name. A well known brand like Coca Cola is much easier to be marketed than others (Mowen & Minor 2001, p 280). People can easily be attracted towards such products by careful consideration.